不同温度下多棘海盘车对菲律宾蛤仔的摄食选择性研究

Selection of Asterias amurensis feeding on Ruditapes philippinarum at different temperatures

  • 摘要: 为了解不同水温环境中(5~25℃)多棘海盘车(4~8 cm)对菲律宾蛤仔(20~40 mm)的摄食选择性,本实验利用饵料收益率、摄食规格选择性、摄食量与摄食率等指数,分析了温度、多棘海盘车规格及饵料规格对多棘海盘车摄食选择性的影响。结果显示,实验条件下,捕食者及被捕食者规格对饵料收益率影响显著,温度对饵料收益率影响不显著;根据饵料收益模型,4种规格多棘海盘车依次在摄食20、23、30和35 mm蛤仔时的饵料收益率最大,收益率分别为0.62、0.70、0.83、0.94 mg/min;5~15℃条件下,摄食量随水温升高而增大,15℃为多棘海盘车摄食蛤仔的最适水温,此时5~8 cm多棘海盘车摄食量均达最大值,分别为0.37、0.45和0.54 g/d,之后随水温升高摄食量减小;摄食率昼夜差异显著,夜间显著高于白天;青岛近海5-6月的水温(13~18℃)为蛤仔春季繁殖的适宜水温,也是多棘海盘车最适生长和摄食温度,此时应加强对多棘海盘车的防治和清除。

     

    Abstract: The present study explored the Asterias amurensis(4-8 cm)selective feeding on Ruditapes philippinarum(20-40 mm)at different temperatures(5,10,15,20,25℃)in laboratory conditions.The prey profitability,prey size selectivity,total consumption and feeding rate were used to analyse the effects of temperature,predator size and prey size on selective feeding of A.amurensis.Results showed that prey profitability were significantly affected by both the predator size and prey size(P<0.000 1).No significant effects of temperature on the prey profitability were observed(P=1.000 0).According to prey profitability model,four kinds of A.amurensis got maximum when they fed on those preys by 20,23,30 mm and 35 mm respectively.The values were 0.62,0.70,0.83 and 0.94 mg/min.The predictions were in accordance with experimental results.Within temperature range from 5 to 15 degrees and A.amurensis from 5 to 8 cm,the prey consumption increased as the temperature went up,and reached the maximum consumption at 15℃,which was the optimal temperature for A.amurensis.The values were 0.37,0.45 and 0.54 g/d.The prey consumption decreased with the increase of temperature when higher than 15℃.Significantly higher feeding rate was observed by day than at night.It's concluded that in May and June,the temperature of Qingdao was the suitable for the reproduction of R.philippinarum and the most suitable for A.amurensis's feeding and growth.Therefore,the prevention and clearing of starfish should be reinforced.

     

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