Variation in beak morphology of <i>Dosidicus gigas</i> in the eastern equatorial Pacific

GAO Xiaodi; FANG Zhou; CHEN Xinjun; LI Yunkai

doi:10.11964/jfc.20210112594

Volume 47 Issue 5

Apr. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

Journal of fisheries of china > 2023 > 47(5): 059108. > DOI: 10.11964/jfc.20210112594

GAO Xiaodi, FANG Zhou, CHEN Xinjun, LI Yunkai. Variation in beak morphology of Dosidicus gigas in the eastern equatorial Pacific[J]. Journal of fisheries of china, 2023, 47(5): 059108. DOI: 10.11964/jfc.20210112594

Citation:

PDF (2623 KB)

Variation in beak morphology of Dosidicus gigas in the eastern equatorial Pacific

GAO Xiaodi^1,,
FANG Zhou^1,2,
CHEN Xinjun^1,2,
LI Yunkai^1,2,3,4, ,

1.
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai　201306, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai　201306, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai　200090, China
4.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao　266071, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872573); Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (19ZR1423000); Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (2017-1A03); Open Research Fund from Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (2019-3)

More Information

Corresponding author:
LI Yunkai. E-mail: ykli@shou.edu.cn
Received Date: January 13, 2021
Revised Date: April 07, 2021
Available Online: April 07, 2023
Published Date: April 30, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Phenotypic variation within a species can be associated with varying environmental conditions in their habitats. Understanding the variations in species’ phenotypes helps to understand their resource utilization and ecological niche. The jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas, is a keystone species of the Eastern Pacific Ocean, which is widely distributed and exhibits large phenotypic variation under environmental influences. To investigate whether different environmental conditions lead to morphological changes in the beak of D. gigas, the animal’s important feeding apparatus, a total of 244 D. gigas’ beaks were collected from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean from Jun to August in 2017, 129 and 115 specimens were from the western and eastern waters of the Galapagos Archipelago, respectively. Traditional morphometrics and geometric morphometrics methods were applied to quantify the external morphology of the beak. A total of twelve external morphological parameters were measured through traditional morphometrics, and twenty landmarks were set on the one-side image of upper and lower beaks and digitized for geometric morphometrics analysis. The results showed that 11 external standard morphological parameters of beaks were significantly different between different cohorts except for upper hood length (UCLs) (P<0.05). Although the coefficients of difference were all less than 1.28. Geometric morphometric analysis showed significant differences (P<0.001) in the size and shape of upper and lower beaks between the two cohorts, with different allometric growth patterns. The morphological differences were mainly reflected in the rostrum and lateral wall of the upper beak, and the rostrum and wing of the lower beak. Stepwise discrimination analysis based on land-mark geometric morphometrics showed high success rates for both upper and lower beaks, which were 89.61% and 85.88%, respectively. D. gigas from the eastern waters had smaller beaks with more curved and sharper rostrum, larger lateral walls, and wider but shorter wings compared to those from the western waters, which may be attributed to the environmental conditions and food types of the habitat. Such resource allocation-related phenotypic plasticity could be considered as a response to the environmental characteristics of their habitats, which may likely facilitate their survival.
- Dosidicus gigas,
- beak,
- environment,
- geometric morphology,
- eastern equatorial Pacific

FullText(HTML)

References (42)

References

[1]	Hammami I, Bahri-Sfar L, Kaoueche M, et al. Morphological characterization of striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus, Sparidae) in some Mediterranean lagoons[J]. Cybium: International Journal of Ichthyology, 2013, 37(1-2): 127-139.
[2]	Sajina A M, Chakraborty S K, Jaiswar A K, et al. Stock structure analysis of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Indian coast based on truss network analysis[J]. Fisheries Research, 2011, 108(1): 100-105. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2010.12.006
[3]	Abaunza P, Gordo L S, Santamaría M T G, et al. Life history parameters as basis for the initial recognition of stock management units in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)[J]. Fisheries Research, 2008, 89(2): 167-180. doi: 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.09.021
[4]	Levin S A, Carpenter S R, Godfray H C J, et al. The princeton guide to ecology[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009: 65-71.
[5]	Ruiz-Cooley R I, Ballance L T, McCarthy M D. Range expansion of the jumbo squid in the NE Pacific: δ¹⁵N decrypts multiple origins, migration and habitat use[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3): e59651. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059651
[6]	Gong Y, Li Y K, Chen X J, et al. Trophic niche and diversity of a pelagic squid (Dosidicus gigas): a comparative study using stable isotope, fatty acid, and feeding apparatuses morphology[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020, 7: 642. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00642
[7]	Fang Z, Chen X J, Su H, et al. Evaluation of stock variation and sexual dimorphism of beak shape of neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii, based on geometric morphometrics[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2017, 784(1): 367-380. doi: 10.1007/s10750-016-2898-0
[8]	Rosas-Luis R, Salinas-Zavala C A, Koch V, et al. Importance of jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas (Orbigny, 1835) in the pelagic ecosystem of the central Gulf of California[J]. Ecological Modelling, 2008, 218(1-2): 149-161. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.06.036
[9]	Sanchez G, Kawai K, Yamashiro C, et al. Patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers describe historical and contemporary dynamics of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean[J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2020, 30(3): 519-533. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09609-9
[10]	Kear A J. Morphology and function of the mandibular muscles in some coleoid cephalopods[J]. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1994, 74(4): 801-822. doi: 10.1017/S0025315400090068
[11]	Uyeno T A, Kier W M. Functional morphology of the cephalopod buccal mass: a novel joint type[J]. Journal of Morphology, 2005, 264(2): 211-222. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10330
[12]	胡贯宇, 陈新军, 方舟. 个体生长对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼角质颚形态变化的影响[J]. 水产学报, 2016, 40(1): 36-44. Hu G Y, Chen X J, Fang Z. Effect of individual growth on beak morphometry of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas off the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2016, 40(1): 36-44 (in Chinese).
[13]	Franco-Santos R M, Vidal E A G. Beak development of early squid paralarvae (Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea) may reflect an adaptation to a specialized feeding mode[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2014, 725(1): 85-103. doi: 10.1007/s10750-013-1715-2
[14]	Olsen A M. Feeding ecology is the primary driver of beak shape diversification in waterfowl[J]. Functional Ecology, 2017, 31(10): 1985-1995. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12890
[15]	Asto C, Chaigneau A, Gutiérrez D. Spatio-temporal variability of the equatorial front in the eastern tropical Pacific from remote sensing salinity data (2010-2015)[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2019, 169-170: 104640. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.104640
[16]	Bendix A, Bendix J. Heavy rainfall episodes in Ecuador during El Niño events and associated regional atmospheric circulation and SST patterns[J]. Advances in Geosciences, 2006, 6(1): 43-49.
[17]	Rincón-Martínez D, Lamy F, Contreras S, et al. More humid interglacials in Ecuador during the past 500 kyr linked to latitudinal shifts of the equatorial front and the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the eastern tropical Pacific[J]. Paleoceanography, 2010, 25(2): PA2210.
[18]	Alvarado J J, Solis-Marin F A. Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America[M]. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2013: 183-216.
[19]	Fiedler P C, Philbrick V, Chavez F P. Oceanic upwelling and productivity in the eastern tropical Pacific[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1991, 36(8): 1834-1850. doi: 10.4319/lo.1991.36.8.1834
[20]	Arkhipkin A I, Laptikhovsky V. Seasonal and interannual variability in growth and maturation of winter-spawning Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae) in the Southwest Atlantic[J]. Aquatic Living Resources, 1994, 7(4): 221-232. doi: 10.1051/alr:1994025
[21]	Fang Z, Xu L L, Chen X J, et al. Beak growth pattern of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the eastern tropical Pacific equatorial waters[J]. Fisheries Science, 2015, 81(3): 443-452. doi: 10.1007/s12562-015-0857-8
[22]	Mayr E, Linsley E G, Usinger R L. Methods and principles of systematic zoology[M]. New York: McGraw Hill, 1953.
[23]	Klingenberg C P. Size, shape, and form: concepts of allometry in geometric morphometrics[J]. Development Genes and Evolution, 2016, 226(3): 113-137. doi: 10.1007/s00427-016-0539-2
[24]	Hourston M, Platell M E, Valesini F J, et al. Factors influencing the diets of four morphologically divergent fish species in nearshore marine waters[J]. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2004, 84(4): 805-817. doi: 10.1017/S0025315404009981h
[25]	Stergiou K I, Karpouzi V S. Feeding habits and trophic levels of Mediterranean fish[J]. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 2002, 11(3): 217-254.
[26]	Labropoulou M, Eleftheriou A. The foraging ecology of two pairs of congeneric demersal fish species: importance of morphological characteristics in prey selection[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 1997, 50(2): 324-340. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01361.x
[27]	Gunter H M, Fan S H, Xiong F, et al. Shaping development through mechanical strain: the transcriptional basis of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity in a cichlid fish[J]. Molecular Ecology, 2013, 22(17): 4516-4531. doi: 10.1111/mec.12417
[28]	Van Noord J E, Olson R J, Redfern J V, et al. Oceanographic influences on the diet of 3 surface-migrating myctophids in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean[J]. Fishery Bulletin, 2016, 114(3): 274-287. doi: 10.7755/FB.114.3.2
[29]	Hanlon R T, Messenger J B. Cephalopod behaviour[M]. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018: 74-96.
[30]	Portner E J, Markaida U, Robinson C J, et al. Trophic ecology of Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas, in conjunction with body size and climatic variability in the Gulf of California, Mexico[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 2020, 65(4): 732-748. doi: 10.1002/lno.11343
[31]	方舟, 金岳, 胡飞飞, 等. 秋季我国近海不同海域短蛸角质颚形态学研究[J]. 水产学报, 2018, 42(7): 1050-1059. Fang Z, Jin Y, Hu F F, et al. Beak morphometrics of short arm octopus (Amphioctopus fangsiao) in different sea areas of China in autumn[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2018, 42(7): 1050-1059 (in Chinese).
[32]	Jaekel M, Wake D B. Developmental processes underlying the evolution of a derived foot morphology in salamanders[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(51): 20437-20442. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0710216105
[33]	Castilla A C, Hernández-Urcera J, Gouraguine A, et al. Predation behaviour of the European squid Loligo vulgaris[J]. Journal of Ethology, 2020, 38(3): 311-322. doi: 10.1007/s10164-020-00652-4
[34]	Van Der Meij M A A, Bout R G. Scaling of jaw muscle size and maximal bite force in finches[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2004, 207(16): 2745-2753. doi: 10.1242/jeb.01091
[35]	Navalón G, Bright J A, Marugán-Lobón J, et al. The evolutionary relationship among beak shape, mechanical advantage, and feeding ecology in modern birds[J]. Evolution, 2019, 73(3): 422-435. doi: 10.1111/evo.13655
[36]	Uyeno T A, Kier W M. Electromyography of the buccal musculature of octopus (Octopus bimaculoides): a test of the function of the muscle articulation in support and movement[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2007, 210(1): 118-128. doi: 10.1242/jeb.02600
[37]	Franco-Santos R M, Iglesias J, Domingues P M, et al. Early beak development in Argonauta Nodosa and Octopus Vulgaris (Cephalopoda: Incirrata) paralarvae suggests adaptation to different feeding mechanisms[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2014, 725(1): 69-83. doi: 10.1007/s10750-013-1721-4
[38]	王岩, 陈新军, 方舟. 海洋环境变化对北太平洋柔鱼耳石形态的影响[J]. 上海海洋大学学报, 2021, 30(2): 301-310. doi: 10.12024/jsou.20200803149 Wang Y, Chen X J, Fang Z. Effects of marine environment variation on the statolith morphology of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the north Pacific Ocean[J]. Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, 2021, 30(2): 301-310 (in Chinese). doi: 10.12024/jsou.20200803149
[39]	Bolnick D I, Svanbäck R, Araújo M S, et al. Comparative support for the niche variation hypothesis that more generalized populations also are more heterogeneous[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(24): 10075-10079. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0703743104
[40]	Fernández-Álamo M A, Färber-Lorda J. Zooplankton and the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific: a review[J]. Progress in Oceanography, 2006, 69(2-4): 318-359. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.003
[41]	陈新军, 方舟, 苏杭, 等. 几何形态测量学在水生动物中的应用及其进展[J]. 水产学报, 2013, 37(12): 1873-1885. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1231.2013.38772 Chen X J, Fang Z, Su H, et al. Review and application of geometric morphometrics in aquatic animals[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2013, 37(12): 1873-1885 (in Chinese). doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1231.2013.38772
[42]	Mitteroecker P, Gunz P. Advances in geometric morphometrics[J]. Evolutionary Biology, 2009, 36(2): 235-247. doi: 10.1007/s11692-009-9055-x

Cited By

Get Citation

PDF in Chinese

XML

Article views (293) PDF downloads (6)

Variation in beak morphology of Dosidicus gigas in the eastern equatorial Pacific

Abstract

References

Catalog

Related

Variation in beak morphology of Dosidicus gigas in the eastern equatorial Pacific

Abstract

References

Catalog

Related

Export File

Citation

Format

Content