Effects of different culture patterns on the intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei

To explore the differences of intestinal microbiota for Litopenaeus vannamei in different culture patterns, bacterial diversity and bacterial community composition of L. vannamei from different culture patterns including freshwater pond (FWP), seawater pond (SP), high-intensive pond (HP) and biofloc technology pond (BFP) were studied by using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology in this study. The results showed that the α-diversity indexes of FWP and HP were significantly higher than those of SP and BFP. The relative abundances of intestinal microbiota compositions were significantly different among the four culture patterns. Proteobacteria had the maximal abundance in SP, BFP and HP culture patterns and contributed to the biggest differences for the four culture patterns. The abundance of Cyanobacteria in FWP culture pattern was far higher than that in other culture patterns. Vibrionaceae (Proteobacteria) and Mycoplasmataceae (Tenericutes) were the top two abundant families of core microbiota among the four culture patterns. In addition, the indicators of different culture patterns were different. The indicator group of intestinal bacteria in FWP culture pattern was Propionibacteriaceae, and it was Flavobacteriaceae in BFP culture pattern. Co-occurrence network analysis found that the interactions of intestinal microbiota in the HP culture pattern were higher than that in other three culture patterns, and the co-occurrence network of FWP was the most stable.