荧光聚合物量子点检测孔雀石绿的应用

Detection of malachite green based on fluorescent polymer dots

  • 摘要:
    目的 为实现对水产养殖中违法添加物孔雀石绿(MG)快速、精准的检测。
    方法 采用构建聚(9,9-二辛基芴基-2,7-二基)-alt-(苯并2,1,3噻二唑-4,8-二基)(PFBT)量子点为能量供体,MG为能量受体的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)体系,通过观察MG对PFBT量子点荧光产生的影响,实现MG的快速检测。
    结果 随着MG浓度的增加,PFBT量子点发生明显的荧光猝灭现象。在优化条件下,体系的荧光强度与MG在0.04~0.59 mg/L内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.38×10−4 mg/L,相关系数R2=0.992。PFBT-MG体系的荧光强度在pH 5.0~9.0的BR缓冲溶液中保持良好的稳定性。同时K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Cl等水中常见的离子对于PFBT量子点检测MG几乎没有干扰。目前该方法已成功应用于养殖淡水、养殖海水和运输水的测定,加标回收率为96.6%~103.1%,相对标准偏差均在1.05%以内。
    结论 孔雀石绿对PFBT量子点的荧光具有良好的猝灭效果。本研究所制备的PFBT量子点对孔雀石绿响应具有较高的灵敏性,对环境具有良好的抗干扰性,且操作简单,分析快速。该方法成功应用于真实水样的检测中,与传统的高效液相色谱法结果接近,为违禁药物孔雀石绿的快速检测提供了一种新方法,同时对荧光分析技术的发展具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract: Malachite green (MG) is a synthetic compound with a green metallic sheen, widely applied to enhance production and protect aquatic animals from various diseases. However, MG and its primary metabolite, leuco-malachite green, are toxic inorganic contaminants hazardous to human and other organisms' health. Residual MG in aquaculture water has been identified as a significant contributor to severe water pollution. Since 1981, MG has been designated as a Class II Health Hazard due to its teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic impacts. Currently, numerous countries, including the European Union, the United States, and China, have banned the use of MG in aquaculture practices. Nevertheless, its low cost and high effectiveness have led many culturists, driven by economic interests, to continue its widespread use as a medication in fish farming, particularly in some developing countries. In recent years, China has experienced outbreaks of MG residues exceeding acceptable levels in aquaculture environments, prompting increased attention to the quality and safety of aquatic products. In 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture of China listed MG among prohibited veterinary drugs. In this work, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system using poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(benzo2,1,3thiadiazole-4,8-diyl) (PFBT) polymer dots as the energy donor and MG as the acceptor was established to observe the fluorescence quenching phenomenon of PFBT polymer dots. The PFBT-MG system maintained good stability in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solution at pH 5.0 to 9.0. Under optimized conditions, the system's fluorescence showed a strong linear correlation with MG concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 0.59 mg/L. The detection limit was as low as 1.38×10-4 mg/L, comparable to other methods. The correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.992 in our method. Simultaneously, common ions such as K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Cl in water showed minimal interference with the fluorescence intensity of MG detected by PFBT. The method has been successfully applied to determine MG in aquaculture freshwater, seawater, and transportation water, achieving a recovery rate of 96.6% to 103.1%. The relative standard deviation was less than 1.05%. Therefore, it could be concluded that PFBT polymer dots are a reliable and convenient method for rapid detection of MG. This method provides a more accurate fluorescence technique for detecting MG. The synthesis of PFBT polymer dots does not require abundant reagents for elution and avoids the costs of expensive equipment. The entire process only requires imaging equipment, making it suitable for large-scale promotion economically. At the same time, PFBT polymer dots significantly enhance detection efficiency, with the detection process not exceeding 30 minutes for imaging and observation, thus enabling rapid on-site detection. Most importantly, PFBT polymer dots exhibit good sensitivity, selectivity, and anti-interference capabilities in the MG detection process, providing an important reference for the future inclusion of on-site MG detection.

     

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