黄鳝仔、稚鱼发育及异速生长模式

Allometric growth pattern and development of Monopterus albus at larvae and juvenile stages

  • 摘要:
    目的 为了解黄鳝早期发育阶段的生长特性和异速生长规律。
    方法 采用体式显微镜拍照观察和电子天平称量,检测了黄鳝仔、稚鱼(1~30日龄)生长发育特点、全长和体重随日龄的变化、全长与体重的关系、并对身体各功能器官的生长变化与全长进行了回归分析。
    结果 黄鳝初孵仔鱼卵黄囊较大,10日龄完全消失。黄鳝早期发育阶段存在胸鳍,随发育的进行,胸鳍逐渐变小,9日龄完全消失。黄鳝全长随日龄的生长曲线呈现S型,可分为3个阶段,且不同阶段的生长率存在显著差异。黄鳝体重随日龄的生长曲线可分为2个阶段,不同阶段的生长率也存在显著差异。在仔、稚鱼期,全长与体重的最佳函数关系式为y = 0.006e0.050x。运用SPSS 27.0.1和Origin 2022软件将黄鳝仔、稚鱼期身体各功能器官的生长变化与全长进行回归分析,获得吻长、眼径、头高、头长、躯干长、尾长、体高的异速生长模式和生长拐点。吻长、眼径和头长在30日龄内均未出现生长拐点,异速生长指数分别为0.844、0.615和0.878;头高在10日龄出现生长拐点,拐点前后的异速生长指数分别为0.407和0.557;躯干长在19日龄出现生长拐点,拐点前后的异速生长指数分别为0.964和1.212;尾长在24日龄出现生长拐点,拐点前后的异速生长指数分别为1.046和1.156;体高在11日龄和22日龄出现两个生长拐点,11日龄之前的异速生长指数为−1.271,11日龄到22日龄之间的异速生长指数为1.412,22日龄之后的异速生长指数为0.709。
    结论 黄鳝仔、稚鱼生长特性和异速生长模式,保证了各功能器官的充分发育,以适应外界环境变化,同时为黄鳝规模化苗种培育和养殖产业可持续发展提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Monopterus albus is a tropical and warm temperate fish, which is an important freshwater economic fish in China, and has the phenomenon of natural sex reversal. It initially develops into female, with small individuals and limited number of eggs. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out large-scale artificial breeding. So far, the research mainly focuses on the regulation of sex reversal, nutritional requirement, disease control, artificial reproduction and cultivation. However, few studies focuses on the characteristics of growth and development at larvae and juvenile stages. The aim of this study was to explore the growth characteristics and allometric growth of M. albus in the early development stages. In this study, the growth and development characteristics, 1 to 30 days post hatching (dph), were described, including total length, body weight, snout length, eye diameter, head height, head length, trunk length, tail length and body height. The results indicated that the yolk sac of the newly hatched larvae of M. albus was large and completely disappeared at 10 dph. A pair of pectoral fins were existed in the early development stage of M. albus, became smaller gradually and disappeared completely at 9 dph. The increase of the total length showed S-Curve, which could be divided into three phases, and the growth rate had significant difference at each phase. The increase of body weight could be divided into two phases, and the growth rate also had significant difference at each phase. The optimal length-weight relationship of larvae and juveniles was y=0.006e0.050x. The relationship between various functional organs and the full length was analyzed by SPSS 27.0.1 and Origin 2022 software. The results showed the allometric growth of important functional organs exists in larvae and juvenile stages of M. albus. There was no growth inflection point in snout length, eye diameter and head length from the day hatched to 30 dph, and the allometric exponents were 0.844, 0.615 and 0.878, respectively. Head height appeared growth inflection points at 10 dph, and the allometric exponents before and after it were 0.407 and 0.557, respectively. Trunk length appeared growth inflection points at 19 dph, and the allometric exponents before and after it were 0.964 and 1.212, respectively. Tail length appeared growth inflection points at 24 dph, and the allometric exponents before and after it were 1.046 and 1.156, respectively. Body height appeared two growth inflection points at 11 and 22 dph, and the allometric exponents were -1.271, 1.412 and 0.709, respectively. The growth inflection points of various functional organs were different, which was coincident with the characteristics of growth, food intake, movement, and so on. These results have important guiding significance for the large-scale seed rearing and sustainable farming industry in M. albus.

     

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