中街山列岛海域柳珊瑚共附生真菌种类与群落多样性

Species and community diversity of fungi associated with gorgonians in the Zhongjieshan Islands

  • 摘要:
    目的 揭示中街山列岛海域不同生境下柳珊瑚共附生真菌的种类与群落多样性特征。
    方法 基于中街山列岛海域6个站位3种生境(人工生境、复合天然生境、单一天然生境)采集的24株柳珊瑚样品,采用稀释涂布法和平板划线法分离、纯化培养柳珊瑚共附生真菌,通过ITS和26S-rDNA序列分析法进行分子鉴定,构建柳珊瑚共附生真菌系统发育树明确分类地位,基于FUNGuild数据库对分离出的共附生真菌进行功能预测,并采用多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener、Margalef、Pielou)评估不同生境下真菌群落的多样性、丰富度及均匀度。
    结果 经分离、排重后获得柳珊瑚共附生真菌54株,隶属于2门8纲20目25科31属,优势属为青霉属(Penicillium,11.11%)、枝孢属(Cladosporium,9.26%)和曲霉属(Aspergillus,5.56%)。菌株A1、A22和A53与NCBI库中最相近菌株相似度分别为92.87%、90.26%和93.04%,疑似新种占比高达5.56%。生境类型显著影响真菌群落结构多样性,人工生境组Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2.20)和Margalef丰富度指数(2.98)最高,复合天然生境组Pielou均匀度指数(0.94)最高,而单一天然生境组各项指数均最低。
    结论 中街山列岛海域柳珊瑚共附生真菌群落呈现显著生境特异性,人工生境通过提升环境异质性显著提高真菌多样性和丰富度,并鉴定出5.56%的潜在新种,为海洋真菌种类及群落多样性研究提供关键依据。本研究为珊瑚生态修复技术优化和海洋真菌资源开发提供理论基础与数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: Under the escalating pressures of global warming and ocean acidification, gorgonian coral resources are experiencing continuous degradation. Gorgonian-associated fungal communities, which sensitively reflect coral health status, exhibit close correlations with the ecological conditions of their hosts. However, the diversity and taxonomic composition of these fungal symbionts in the East China Sea remain unreported. To elucidate the taxonomic and community diversity characteristics of gorgonian-associated fungi across different habitats in the Zhongjieshan Islands, 24 gorgonian samples were collected from six stations spanning three habitat types (artificial, mixed natural, and single natural habitats). Fungal isolates were obtained via dilution plate and streak plate methods, followed by molecular identification using ITS and 26S rDNA sequencing to construct phylogenetic trees for taxonomic classification. Functional guilds of the isolated fungi were predicted using the FUNGuild database, and diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Pielou) were employed to assess fungal community diversity, richness, and evenness across habitats. A total of 54 fungal strains were isolated and purified, belonging to 31 genera, 25 families, 20 orders, 8 classes, and 2 phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). Dominant genera included Penicillium (11.11%), Cladosporium (9.26%), and Aspergillus (5.56%). Notably, strains A1, A22, and A53 showed low sequence similarities (92.87%, 90.26%, and 93.04%, respectively) to their closest relatives in the NCBI database, suggesting that 5.56% of isolates represent potential new species. Habitat type significantly influenced fungal community structure: artificial habitats exhibited the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity (2.20) and Margalef richness (2.98), while mixed natural habitats showed the highest Pielou evenness (0.94). In contrast, single natural habitats displayed the lowest diversity metrics. These results demonstrate pronounced habitat specificity and diversity in gorgonian-associated fungal communities within the Zhongjieshan Islands, with artificial habitats likely enhancing fungal colonization through increased environmental complexity. The discovery of potential novel species underscores the region’s untapped fungal resource potential. This study provides foundational data for assessing gorgonian health and formulating targeted ecological restoration strategies, offering critical insights into marine microbial ecology and habitat management.

     

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