拖网网板的水动力学特性研究进展

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the otter board in trawling: a review

  • 摘要: 单船拖网作业是我国海洋捕捞业的主要作业方式之一。网板作为单船拖网渔具系统的重要构件,在维持拖网网口水平扩张和确保捕捞效率方面起着关键作用。据研究,网板阻力占拖网系统阻力比例可达20%~30%,研发高性能网板对提高拖网渔业的捕捞效益、低碳节能及生态环保等方面具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了国内外网板水动力特性的研究成果,深入分析了网板水动力特性的影响因子及其响应规律,归纳总结了从节能省力、生态友好等不同发展理念下网板的设计要点与技术方法,旨在为我国拖网渔业研发高性能网板提供理论参考与方向指引。

     

    Abstract: Trawl fishery plays a crucial role in marine fisheries in China. The otter boards (or trawl doors) are important components of fishing gear used to maintain the horizontal expansion of the trawl net mouth, ensuring fishing efficiency. Previous studies have shown that the drag generated by otter boards accounts for approximately 20% to 30% of the total drag in a trawl system. Developing high-performance otter boards is therefore of significant importance for enhancing fishing efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, conserving energy, and promoting environmental sustainability. We have reviewed the hydrodynamic characteristics of numerous otter boards around the globe, which include the main structural factors and their effects on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the otter boards. Moreover, the design requirements and technical methods of otter boards under different development concepts such as energy and labor savings and green ecology are also discussed, aiming to provide important theoretical references for the development of high-performance otter boards in Chinese trawl fishery.

     

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