Abstract: The levels of genetic variation at 40 genic loci of 15 isozymic systems in Rainbow trout （Oncorhynchus mykiss） were determined among Donaldsons super rainbow trout, Rainbow trout from California of USA, Rainbow trout from Norway, Rainbow trout from Danmark, Jalo rainbow trout respectively. The genetic parameters would be important in selective breeding programs. As a main research means, the discontinuous vertical plate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to analyze the biochemical genetics status of 5 populations of Rainbow trout . The p of 5 populations of Rainbow trout ranged from 43.24% to 47.37%; the He’ of 5 populations of Rainbow trout ranged from 0.1917 to 0.2178;the H0’ ranged from 0.2703 to 0.3291;the d ranged from 0.4100 to 0.5331;the Ne ranged from 1.4865 to 1.5385. The chi-Square test showed all polymorphic loci from the 5 populations of Rainbow trout were in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. Various genetic indexes showed that the 5 populations of Rainbow trout resource quality was still good. Phylogenetic tree showed Rainbow trout from Norway, Rainbow trout from Danmark, Rainbow trout from California of USA and Donaldsons super rainbow trout belonged to the same clade, and Jalo rainbow trout belonged to another clade. Key words: Rainbow trout（Oncorhynchus mykiss）; Population; Isozyme; Genetic structure; Genetic variation