Abstract: The metaphase chromosome number and karyotype of Paracanthobrama guichenoti were analyzed using chromosome analysis software (Micromeasure version 3.3) and Photoshop 7.0. Kidney cells treated with PHA and colchicine through intramuscular and intra-peritoneal injections were cultivated, and finally were sliced by air-drying method. The cellular DNA contents of Paracanthobrama guichenoti were determined using Flow cytometer (EPICS-XL) based on blood corpuscle and the cells from tail fin, gill, muscle, gonad and liver of fish compared with standard DNA of chicken erythrocyte（2.50 pg/2c). The results indicate that the telocentric chromosome number of Paracanthobrama guichenoti is 50 (2n=50) and the absolute value of chromosome size ranges from 0.86-2.32 μm with the average value of 1.63 μm. The karyotype of Paracanthobrama guichenoti is 2n=18m+20sm+8st+4t, NF=88. However, secondary constriction, heterozygosity chromesome and satellite chromesome were not observed. The cellular DNA contents of tissue from tail fin, gill, muscle, ovary, spermary and liver are 3.779 pg/2c，4.007 pg/2c，3.819 pg/2c，4.242 pg/2c, 1.842 pg/2c，and 3.905 pg/2c respectively. Moreover, the cellular DNA contents are not significantly different in tail fin, gill, muscle and liver of Paracanthobrama guichenoti (P>0.05), but they are significantly higher than the cellular DNA contents in erythrocyte （P＜0.01). In addition to above, the cellular DNA contents in ovary are twice as great as those in spermary.